Freedom above the Law: Friedrich Schiller’s Die Räuber

The aim of this paper is to analyze one of the most problematic works of the German poet and philosopher, Friedrich Schiller: his first play, Die Räuber (The Robbers, 1782). Following Hammer and Hart’s Gadamerian literary hermeneutics, I will focus on the subversive role that Schiller attaches to the figure of the criminal in this work. Written seven years before the French Revolution, the play has traditionally been interpreted as a pre-revolutionary drama that stresses the emancipatory power of the Enlightenment and the Revolution. The way in which Schiller appears to use the dichotomy between criminal and society supports this view: the noble criminal opposes the Law as the incarnation of a severe and narrow rationalism. However, the shared tragic end of the Moor brothers, the protagonists of the play, proves the enlightened emancipation to be fallible and reveals its inner despotic potential. This is not due to the final retrograde meaning or because the play is not intimately concerned with freedom and individual autonomy. Instead, its ultimate aim is not to be propagandistic, or even constructive, but harshly critical, uncovering and bearing witness to the oppressive character of Schiller’s contemporary society and its public (penal system) and private (family) institutions. Subverting the traditional association between criminal-evil/compliant-good and virtuerecompense/vice-punishment, Schiller breaks up with the retributive logic on which he does not rely, as if it were a kind of unrecognized superstition that undermines autonomous thinking and action. Through this reversal, Schiller exposes the irrational bases of the retributive urge rooted in Christian humanism, which is not founded upon true justice but upon vengeance and the heteronomy of transcendent concepts that cannot support an autonomous moral.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

Maldito Spinoza: el ataque de Carl Schmitt al "Tratado teológico-político" de Baruch de Spinoza

Se exponen los motivos ideológicos del ataque de carl schmitt contra la filosofía política moderna, particularmente contra baruch de spinoza, a partir de la respuesta que éste elaboró frente a thomas hobbes en el siglo xvii. El objetivo del trabajo consiste en restaurar la potencia liberal-democrática del pensamiento de Spinoza y de la filosofía política moderna, frente a las pretensiones de la teología política.The ideological reasons carl schmitt exhibited for his attack against baruch de spinoza, and generally against all modern political philosophy, are presented in this work in the context of the answer spinoza gave to thomas hobbes in the 17th century. This work wants to restore the liberal-democratic strength of Spinoza’s thought and of modern political philosophy, against the claims of political theology

Eficacia predictiva de las escalas de valoración de riesgo de úlceras por presión en pacientes críticos

Las Úlceras por Presión están asociadas a un aumento de la morbi-mortalidad en cualquier tipo de paciente, pero esto se acrecienta aún más, si se trata de pacientes críticos. Es por ello, que cobran una gran importancia las medidas de prevención, entre ellas, la identificación de los pacientes de riesgo, la utilidad de las escalas que midan este riesgo y los cuidados apropiados que puedan instaurarse precozmente. Objetivos: Valorar el grado de riesgo de padecer úlceras en pacientes críticos del Complejo Asistencial de Palencia, examinando la validez predictiva de las escalas Norton, Emina, Braden y Cubbin Jackson, y cuantificando el número de úlceras durante el estudio. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional y analítico, realizado durante Febrero y Marzo de 2014, en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de dicho Complejo Asistencial, en el que se ha analizado el riesgo de desarrollar úlceras. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes adultos con una estancia igual o superior a 24 horas, por lo que se obtuvo una muestra de 73 pacientes. Para ello se utilizaron las escalas Norton, Emina, Braden y Cubbin-Jackson, analizando la Odds Ratio, sensibilidad, especificidad y valor predictivo de cada escala, así como la incidencia y prevalencia de úlceras, además del porcentaje de pacientes con riesgo de desarrollarlas. Resultados: De la muestra de 73 pacientes, solo 5 desarrollaron úlceras, de los cuales, 4 obtuvieron alto riesgo y 1 riesgo medio, en todas las escalas. Se vio que el 99,94% de los pacientes que ingresaron tenían riesgo de padecer úlceras y que aunque todas las escalas obtuvieron el mismo porcentaje de sensibilidad, en cuanto a la especificidad obtuvieron mejores resultados las escalas Cubbin-Jackson y Braden. Discusión: comparando los resultados obtenidos con los de otros estudios publicados, se ve que la escala con mejor valor predictivo es la escala Cubbin-Jackson, para pacientes en estado crítico.Grado en Enfermerí

Culture of the English-speaking countries in EFL textbooks: material revision and didactic proposal

Máster Universitario en Formación del Profesorado de ESO, Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanza de Idiomas. Especialidad en Inglés (M086)

The Translation of Humour: Dubbing and Subtitling from English into Spanish in Modern Family

[Abstract] This end-of-degree project analyses a collection of episodes ofthe American sitcomModern Familyfocusing on the translation of humourfrom English to Spanish. The main purpose of this paper is to compile and classify the most relevant humorous instances, specificallylinguistic elements, paralinguistic elements, visual elements and cultural elements,as well as thepreferredsubtitling and dubbing strategies throughout the data collectedand analysed. Due to thelargenumberof examples, this work concentrates on the most significant ones while the rest have been listedin the Appendix, where they are classifiedby the already mentioned humorous elements as well as by a fifth category called compound jokes. The methodology used ischieflydivided into three procedures. Firstly, all the selectedjokes areclassified by humorous elements. Secondly, the subbed versionis analysedfollowing a taxonomy so as to decide what type of strategy the translator used when renderingthe source text. Finally, the dubbed versionis examined following an already existingproposalin order to determine howverbal humour on screenis translated.Throughout the analysis and classification of the humorous instances, this study concludes thatrendering quality in this particularseries is quite high both in the subbed and dubbed versionsdespite the huge presence of idiomatic expressions, wordplay, rhymes,and cultural references. Additionally, it is confirmedthat visual humorous elements are the most challenging jokes. Also, there is not a significant evolution of humour between years, but an evolution in the character’s lifestyle.Furthermore, the main three theories (incongruity, hostility, and release) that would constitute the essence of humour are present in the sitcom as expected. All in all, the present study contributes toshow that translators need an enormous capacity for creativity and a great command of both languages in order to provide an accurate translation. Lastly, this papercould undoubtedlyinstigate the interest in conducting further investigationon the subject.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FIL). Inglés: estudios lingüísticos y literarios. Curso 2020/202

Aircraft taxi loads in unpaved surfaces

Taxi is the intermediate phase found prior to takeoff or after landing. The aircraft normal modes are excited given a determined runway roughness profile. As a matter of fact, the coupling between the aircraft modes and the runway roughness profile contributes to the amplification of the aircraft response and the appearance of dynamic loads. The latter is intensified when taxiing on unpaved surfaces. Characteristic aircraft elements and magnitudes sized during taxi include the wing down bending moment and the loads acting on the landing gear, paying particular attention to the loads exerted on the nose landing gear. The experimental aircraft response is attempted to be reproduced by performing numerical simulations. So far, numerical taxi loads were computed by following the requirements established in Airworthiness Regulations specific to taxi: Constant taxi speed Symmetric cases Constant external loads Far from that, the experimental response gathered through a selection of taxi cases found at different Airbus taxi campaigns is reproduced in this Bachelor Thesis by introducing a series of modifications which represent what is indeed occurring during tests: Variable taxi speed Asymmetric cases Variable external loads The effect the braking coefficients have on the taxi problem, along with the nose landing gear load relief phenomenon encountered in poor cohesive surfaces is also analysed.Ingeniería Aeroespacia

Functional characterization of RHOA mutations in peripheral T-cell lymphomas

[EN]RHOA is a small GTPase that belongs to the RHO proteins subfamily. During the last years, RHOA mutations have been identified in solid and hematological tumors. However, their pathobiological roles remain poorly characterized so far. In this thesis, we have functionally characterized these mutations, demonstrating that most of them lead to the inactivation of the GTPase activity of the protein. Focusing on the RHOA mutations described in peripheral T-cell lymphomas, we have proven that they activate the NFAT pathway independently of their canonical activity. This neomorphic activity is dependent on PLCɣ1, SLP76, and LAT. Proteomic analyses identified RAP1GDS1as a key effector for the neomorphic function of RHOA mutants. The RHOAG17V-driven tumors are sensitive to the pharmacological inhibition of NFAT activation. Altogether, our findings reveal novel pathobiological functions of RHOA and expand the current knowledge of the role of this protein in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. These data have unveiled an unexpected, neomorphic-like function of the RHOA mutants found in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. They also pinpoint new therapeutic opportunities for peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients. [ES]En este estudio se caracterizaron las mutaciones asociadas a RHOA en tumores. Se realizaron ensayos utilizando luciferasa para evaluar el efecto de las mutaciones en la actividad canónica de RHOA, encontrando que las mutaciones de RHOA pueden clasificarse en tres categorías funcionales: mutaciones similares a WT, mutaciones de ganancia de función (GOF) y mutaciones de pérdida de función (LOF). En cuanto a la localización en la estructura de la proteína, la mayoría de las mutaciones ubicadas en los dominios de cambio fueron principalmente LOF, mientras que las mutaciones ubicadas en los dominios de unión al GTP podrían exhibir efectos tanto GOF como LOF